The Methodology and Results from Ground Validation of Satellite Observations at Gas Flaring Sites in Nigeria

This study examines the need/importance for ground validation of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and 7 Enhanced Plus (ETM+) observation at 2 gas flaring sites in Rivers State Niger Delta, Nigeria. 12 imageries (3 TM 9 ETM+) acquired from 25/03/1987 to 08/03/2013 with < % cloud contamination were used. Both are located within a single scene (Path 188, Row 057). Fieldwork measurements observations both took place (04/08/2012-21/09/2012) (05/08/2019-22/09/2019). The parameters measured coordinates points features, air temperature relative humidity; photographs locations features taken. humidity 3 different levels above surface 1 minute interval. closer distance flare stack, higher vice versa. Land Surface Temperature (LST) retrieved ETM+ also shows that LST locational error obtained ETM+, fieldwork give negligible difference 1.0 × 10-6 7.3 10-6. Several 4 land use cover (LULC) clarified. pattern plumes stacks moves outwardly sites. Results show spatial variability derived differs 0.8 6.0 K because is LST. results error, LULC, temperature, LST, observed through measurement in-situ data indispensable remote sensing technology Delta.